Extract from Wikipedia Brahmanical Tradition Cosmogony and the Antediluvian history [ edit ] According to the Vedic traditions, human history proceeds in cycles, dependent on the evolutions and dissolutions of the world. Time is divided into four ages – Krita Yuga , Treta Yuga , Dvapara Yuga and Kali Yuga – collectively forming one Maha Yuga . Seventy-one Mahayugas form a Manvantara , a period of time over which a Manu presides. In each cycle, this Manu is the first man and also the first king and lawgiver. Every Manvantara has its own set of Indra , gods and seven sages. Fourteen Manvantara create a Kalpa (aeon) , after which the creation comes to a close in a periodical destruction called Pralaya . After that, the creation starts all over again in an endless cycle of evolutions and dissolutions. The traditions relate that the present Kalpa is called Varaha . Out of the fourteen manvantaras ...
The eCommerce startups in India can be categorized into Horizontal and Vertical categories.The horizontal companies are faring better than the vertical companies so far in the market.Some of the horizontal companies include Flipkart,Amazon and the vertical companies include Myntra,Pepperfry.Horizontal Companies concentrate on a large number of product categories and are involved in general merchandising and the Vertical players concentrate on a specific product category like Fashion,Furniture.
The product categories that are doing good include clothing,electronics,toys.Many new companies have sprung up in India with internet as a distribution channel and based on the market place and removing the intermediaries from the value chain as a business model and thus passing on the benefit to the customer in terms of less price.The businesses operate in a buy in bulk from manufacturers and offer discounts to the customers and most of the startups are funded by venture capital funds from USA,Japan,India and China and High Net Worth Individuals from India like Tata and Premji and Company funded Venture funds like Google Ventures.
Sharing Economy has also led to new companies like Uber,Airbnb in USA and similar companies like Ola in India.If we see the pattern most of the new companies are derived from business models which are successful in USA.Flipkart is derived from the successful business model of Amazon in USA.Ecommerce penetration in India is 2%-10% now in India but with the increasing adoption of smart phones and availability of android based apps there is a scope for increment of the eCommerce penetration in India from 10% to 22% as per Morgan Stanley's report.Sharing Economy helps in removing the waste and under utilization of the resources in the society like cars owned are not being used most of the time in a day and there are many people who do not own a car and in need of a ride and are ready to pay for the ride service and companies like Uber reduce the waste and under utitlisation of the resources in the society by connecting the customers in need of a ride and car owners who are under utilizing the resources they possess which leads to interesting developments like car owners can pay their EMI’s or monthly payments from Uber ride profits.
There are some cashback companies in the eCommerce marketplace like Cashkaro and fintech companies like paytm,freecharge and price comparison sites too like pricedekho.The business models for these companies include giving cash back to the loyal customers which is a part of customer retention strategy of few companies and also passing on coupons and discounts so that a particular product is given free or almost free to customers to drive demand for other products in the marketplace.
There are some companies based on income from listings like Naukri,99 Acres and some other companies like Olx which make their revenue from Advertisements and offer free listings.The main revenue sources for these companies include listing fee,advertisements and sometimes subscription fees.You tube makes money from advertisements and Netflix makes money from Subscriptions.
The trend has been to take the offline activities and move them to online and form a company using the eCommerce distribution channel.The companies like foodpanda,grofers,bike dekho,car dekho,car wale.This has happened in the USA also during the dotcom bubble and then most of the companies have to close the shop during the dotcom bubble but some companies did manage to survive like Amazon which started as a book selling ecommerce site and now has come up with Amazon web services,Amazon Kindle and Amazon Prime and now Amazon echo.
Most of the established manufacturers and retailers like Walgreens,Coca Cola etc. are using an Omni channel Strategy and they use all the distribution channels like retail outlets,ecommerce site,customer service channel.Companies like Best Buy are price matching the same products offered at lower price on Amazon,Walmart etc.The reason being customers using the Best buy store to view the product and then go shop on Amazon the same product.
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